Biomedical Science Doctorate Studies Genetic Factors That Increase the Risk of Ocular Syphilis in Patients Coinfected with HIV and Syphilis

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• Rabu, 6 Mei 2026
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Biomedical Science Doctorate Studies Genetic Factors That Increase the Risk of Ocular Syphilis in Patients Coinfected with HIV and Syphilis

Located in the Meeting Room on the Third Floor of the Postgraduate Program Building, Udayana University, on Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, the Biomedical Science Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, held an open doctoral promotion examination with Dr. Ni Made Dwi Puspawati, Sp.KK(K), FINSDV, FAADV., with the dissertation title "Polymorphisms of the IL-10 Gene Rs1800872, Tlr-2 Gene Rs5743708, and Tlr-6 Gene Rs5743810 as Risk Factors for Ocular Syphilis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital." (May 5, 2026)

Ocular syphilis is a serious manifestation of syphilis infection that carries the risk of permanent vision loss, especially in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Syphilis coinfection. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interaction between the infectious agent and the host immune response, influenced by genetic factors. This study aimed to analyze the role of IL-10 rs1800872, TLR-2 rs5743708, and TLR-6 rs5743810 gene polymorphisms as risk factors for ocular syphilis in patients coinfected with HIV and syphilis.

This nested case-control study involved 50 patients coinfected with HIV and syphilis at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, consisting of 25 cases of ocular syphilis and 25 controls without ocular syphilis. Polymorphism detection was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression to obtain the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR).

The majority of subjects (46 individuals) were male, with an average age of 32.88 years. The genotype distribution of IL-10 rs1800872 showed TT at 50%, heterozygous TG polymorphism at 42%, and homozygous GG polymorphism at 8%. In TLR-2 rs5743708, the GG genotype was at 56%, heterozygous GA polymorphism at 44%, and no AA genotype was found (0%). No TLR-6 gene polymorphism was found (100% wild-type CC genotype). IL-10 and TLR-2 gene polymorphisms showed a significant association with the incidence of ocular syphilis. Multivariate analysis showed that IL-10 rs1800872 (p< 0.001; AOR=16.372; 95% CI=3.101-86.433) and TLR-2 rs5743708 (p=0.007; AOR=10.040; 95% CI=1.871-53.890) were independently associated after controlling for age, sex, and CD4+ count.

IL-10 and TLR-2 gene polymorphisms act as risk factors for ocular syphilis in patients coinfected with HIV and syphilis, while TLR-6 did not show genetic variation in this study population.

This examination was led by the Vice Dean for General Affairs and Finance, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Muliarta, S.Ked., M.Kes., with the examination team:

1. Prof. Dr. dr. I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa, M.Si (Promoter)

2. Prof. Dr. Ir. Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba, M.Phil (Copromoter I)

3.Dr. Dr. I Nyoman Wande, S.Ked., Sp.PK (K) (Copromotor II)

4. Prof. Dr. Dr. Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih, M.Kes

5. Prof. Dr. Dr. I Wayan Niryana, M.Kes., Sp.BS (K).

6.Dr. Dr. Prasetyadi Mawardi, Sp.DVE., Subsp.Ven., FINSDV, FAADV

7.Dr. Dr. Luh Made Mas Rusyati, Sp.KK (K)., FINSDV, FAADV

8.Dr. Dr. I Ketut Agus Somia, Sp. PDKPTI, FINASIM

9. Dr.rer.nat. Dr. Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi, M.Sc

10.Dr. Dr. I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra, Sp.OG (K) Onk

11.Dr. Dr. I Gusti Nyoman Darmaputra, Sp.KK(K)., FINS-DV., FAA-DV

By academic invitation:

1.Dr. Dr. Ari Andayani, Sp.M(K)., MH.Kes

2.Dr. Dr. I Gusti Ayu Agung Praharsini, Sp.DVE., Subsp.DKE., FINSDV, FAADV

3.Dr. Dr. Ketut Kwartantaya Winaya, Sp.KK(K)., FINSDV., FAADV

4. dr. I Gusti Ayu Agung Elis Indira, Sp.D.V.E., Subsp. Ven, FINSDV, FAADV

5.Dr. Dr. Nyoman Suryawati, M.Kes., Sp.D.V.E., Subsp.D.I., FINSDV, FAADV

During this examination, Dr. dr. Ni Made Dwi Puspawati, Sp.KK(K), FINSDV, FAADV., was declared the 492nd Doctoral Graduate of the Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, with the distinction of Cum Laude.