Doctor of Medical Sciences Proves the Potential of Cocoa Extract to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Maximum Physical Activity

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• Jumat, 23 Agustus 2024
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Doctor of Medical Sciences Proves the Potential of Cocoa Extract to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Maximum Physical Activity

Located in the Postgraduate Hall, 3rd Floor of the Postgraduate Building, Udayana University, a Doctoral Promotion exam was held with the candidate for promovendus, Agung Ari Chandra Wibawa, S.Si., M.Si., with the dissertation title "The Effect and Mechanism of Action of Cocoa Bean Ethanol Extract (Theobroma cacao L.) On Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal and Forkhead Box-3a Levels in Wistar Rats with Maximum Physical Activity." (7/23/2024)

Maximum physical activity can disrupt the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidants in the body or in this condition is called oxidative stress. In conditions of oxidative stress, cells will respond to apoptosis. Cocoa beans contain flavonoid polyphenol compounds which have benefits as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to prove and explain the preventive mechanism of giving cocoa bean ethanol extract (Theobroma cacao L.) to 4-HNE and Foxo-3a due to maximum physical activity by increasing the enzymatic antioxidants SOD and catalase in male Wistar rats.

The research design used was a Randomized post-test only control group design with a control group that was only given standard feed, a group given Na-CMC (K2) and a group of cocoa bean ethanol extract 200 mg/Kg BW (P1) for 14 days. Cocoa bean ethanol extract was made by the extraction method using 96% ethanol solvent. The experimental animals used in this study were 33 Wistar rats. The experimental animals were given maximum physical activity treatment by swimming the rats for 90 minutes per day for 14 days. Analysis of SOD, Catalase, 4-HNE, and Foxo-3a levels was carried out using the ELISA method on muscle and serum samples.

The levels of SOD and Catalase in mice given 200 mg/Kg BW cocoa bean ethanol extract (P1) were higher compared to mice not given cocoa bean ethanol extract, namely 0.80±0.06vs1.63±0.27 U/mL and 66.33±4.41vs139.07±10.37 ng/mL (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of 4-HNE and Foxo-3a in mice given 200 mg/Kg BW cocoa bean ethanol extract were lower compared to mice not given cocoa bean ethanol extract, namely 625.66±93.01vs462.99±48.14 pg/mL and 5.50±2.23vs1.89±0.09 ng/mL (P< 0.05).

The antioxidant mechanism of cocoa beans through SOD which is able to reduce Foxo-3a both directly and through 4-HNE. SOD and catalase levels in mice were significantly higher in mice given cocoa bean ethanol extract. 4-HNE and Foxo-3a levels were significantly lower in mice given cocoa bean ethanol extract compared to controls.

This test was led by the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih, M. Kes., with the following examiner team:

1. Prof. Dr. Ir. Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba, M.Phil (Promoter)

2. Prof. drh. I Nyoman Mantik Astawa. (Co-promoter I)

3. Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Jawi, M.Kes (Co-promoter II)

4. Prof. Dr. dr. I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa, M.Si

5. Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Wahjuni, M.Kes

6. Prof. Dr. Dra. Ni Made Suaniti, M.Si

7. Prof. Dr. Dra. Ni Wayan Bogoriani, M.Si

8. Prof. Dra. Ni Luh Watiniasih, M.Sc., Ph.D

9. Dr.dr.I Made Sudarmaja, M.Kes

10. Dr. Anak Agung Bawa Putra, S.Si., M.Si

While the academic invitations are:

1. Dr. Ida Ayu Gede Widihati, S.Si., M.Si

2. Dr. dr. Made Agus Hendrayana, M.Ked

3. Dr. dr. Syuma Adhy Awan, M.Kes., Sp.GK(K)

4. Dr. dr. I Wayan Sugiritama, M.Kes

5. Dr.apt. Ketut Agus Adrianta, S.Farm., M.Biomed

In this exam, Dr. Agung Ari Chandra Wibawa, S.Si., M.Si., was declared to have graduated as the 430th Doctoral Graduate Degree of the Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University with the predicate VERY SATISFACTORY.