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Doctor of Medical Sciences Proves the Potential of Mangrove Leaf Extract Cream to Prevent Skin Darkening Due to UVB Rays
Doctor of Medical Sciences Proves the Potential of Mangrove Leaf Extract Cream to Prevent Skin Darkening Due to UVB Rays
Located in the Postgraduate Hall, 3rd Floor of the Postgraduate Building, Udayana University, the Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University held an open Doctoral Promotion examination with the promovenda candidate, Apt. I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Wardani, S.Farm., M.Si with the dissertation title, "The Effect of Ethanol Extract Cream of Mangrove Leaves (Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig) on Malondialdehyde Levels, Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB), Tyrosinase Enzyme and Melanin Percentage in Guinea Pig Skin (Cavia Porcelus) Exposed to Ultraviolet B Rays." (3/14/2025)
Excessive ultraviolet radiation can cause acute or chronic damage to the body. Sunburn is one of the acute damages to the skin caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays, especially ultraviolet B (UVB) rays. UVB rays are more erythemogenic than UVA rays, so they can trigger sunburn characterized by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tyrosinase and melanin percentage. Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig contains secondary metabolites including flavonoids with their derivatives, namely: quercetin, hirsutrin, rutin, kaempferol and trifolin and contains tannins, saponins and steroids that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimelanogenesis activities. This study aims to prove the effect and mechanism of mangrove leaf ethanol extract cream on MDA, NF-κB, tyrosinase and melanin percentage levels in inhibiting melanogenesis in guinea pig skin exposed to UVB rays. This study is a purely experimental study with a randomized posttest only control group design, using 14 guinea pigs divided into 2 groups, including: the control group (the sample was smeared with a cream base) and the treatment group (the sample was smeared with 15% mangrove leaf ethanol extract cream). UVB exposure was given 3 times a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) with a dose of 65 mJ/cm2, for 65 seconds each time, so that the total dose of UVB light received by each guinea pig was 390 mJ/cm2 for 2 weeks. The skin tissue of the guinea pig's back was excised with a size of 4x4x1 cm to observe the levels of MDA, NF-κB, tyrosinase and melanin percentage. The levels of MDA, NF-κB and tyrosinase were measured using the ELISA method, while the percentage of melanin was measured through histopathology with Fontana Masson staining.
Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the administration of 15% mangrove leaf ethanol extract cream can prevent melanogenesis through the mechanism of oxidative stress and inflammation by causing lower levels of MDA, NF-κB, tyrosinase, and melanin percentage compared to controls in guinea pigs exposed to UVB light. The molecular mechanism of action of 15% concentration of mangrove leaf ethanol extract cream (Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig) was shown through a direct pathway with a strong correlation strength between 15% concentration of mangrove leaf ethanol extract cream and melanin and through an indirect pathway with a moderate correlation strength between 15% concentration of mangrove leaf ethanol extract cream and melanin through the tyrosinase enzyme in the skin of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to UVB light.
This test was led by the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih, M.Kes., with the following examiner team:
1. Prof. Dr. dr. Tjok Gde Agung Senapathi, Sp.An., KAR (Promoter)
2. Prof. Dr. dr. Bagus Komang Satriyasa, M.Repro (Co-promoter I)
3. Dr. dr. Agung Wiwiek Indrayani, M.Kes (Co-promoter II)
4. Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Jawi, M.Kes
5. Prof. Dr. dr. I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa, M.Si
6. Prof. drh. I Nyoman Mantik Astawa, Ph.D
7. Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Sudarmaja, M.Kes
8. Dr. dr. Ni Made Linawati, S.Ked., M.Si
9. Dr.apt. Ketut Agus Adrianta, S.Farm., M.Biomed
With academic invitation:
1. Dr. dr. Made Agus Hendrayana, M.Ked
2. Dr. Dra. Ida Ayu Alit Widhiartini, Apt., M.Si
3. Dr. dr. I Nyoman Budi Hartawan, M.Sc., Sp.A(K)
4. Dr. dr. I Wayan Aryabiantara, Sp.An-TI, Subsp.TI.(K)
5. Dr. apt. I Made Agus Sunadi Putra, S.Si., M.Biomed
In this exam, Dr. Apt. I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Wardani, S.Farm., M.Si was declared to have passed as the 450th Doctoral Graduate of the Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University with the predicate CUMLAUDE
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