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Doctor of Medical Sciences Proves the Potential of Widuri Flower Extract in Preventing Skin Aging Due to UVB Rays
Doctor of Medical Sciences Proves the Potential of Widuri Flower Extract in Preventing Skin Aging Due to UVB Rays
Located in the Postgraduate Hall, 3rd Floor of the Postgraduate Building, Udayana University, the Doctoral Study Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University held an open Doctoral Promotion examination with the promovenda candidate, Apt. Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi, S.Farm., M.Biomed with the dissertation title, "Profiling Biomarkers of Widuri Flower Extract (Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand) and Its Potential to Prevent Photo Aging by Influencing the Expression of Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), the Amount of Collagen and Melanin." (3/17/2025)
Photoaging is mostly caused by exposure to UV-B rays which cause the formation of free radicals, namely reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can increase the production of MMP-1 matrix, collagen degradation, and melanin synthesis. The widuri plant (Calotropis gigantea) contains compounds that can act as antioxidants to protect the skin from photo aging.
The standardization process of the extracted widuri flower is very necessary to produce consistent products. The purpose of this study was to determine the group of compounds, phytochemical profiling, and determine biomarker compounds from widuri flower extract using the TLC-spectrophotodensitometry and GC-MS methods.
This study also aims to prove the bioactivity of widuri flower extract in the form of serum preparations as an anti-photo-aging agent on the skin pre-clinically by preventing MMP-1 expression, preventing collagen degradation, and preventing melanin synthesis.
Widuri flowers were extracted using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent versus 0.5% acetic acid (85:15 v/v). Biomarkers from widuri flower extract (Calotropis gigantea) were determined through the stages of a) phytochemical profiling with TLC-densitometry; b) marker analysis with GC-MS; and c) determination of potential compounds as biomarkers in widuri flower extract in its bioactivity of suppressing MMP-1 expression, preventing collagen degradation and preventing melanin synthesis.
The effect of widuri flower extract in serum preparations with concentrations of 2%, 6% and 10% on preventing MMP-1 expression was examined using the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method, collagen examination through quantification of guinea pig skin tissue staining results with Picrosirius-Red, and melanin examination through quantification of guinea pig skin tissue staining results with Masson-Fontana
GC-MS analysis in this study showed that the ethanol extract of widuri flowers contains 26 bioactive chemical compounds. Based on these 26 compounds, there are bioactivities that indicate suppression of MMP-1 expression, increased collagen density and preventing melanin synthesis including phytol which is included in the terpenoid group and vanillic acid which is included in the phenol group.
Based on these bioactivities, phytol (terpenoid) and vanillic acid (phenol) can be biomarkers in widuri flower extract. The terpenoid TLC profile in the form of visualization of separation spots, peak analysis of spots based on densitometer analysis, and spectrum of spots that are positive for terpenoids, showed that there were seven peaks produced with positive results for the seven peaks, while the phenol TLC profile contained eight peaks produced with positive results in the first peak or P1 with an Rf value of 0.15. The activity of the widuri flower extract as a preventative for MMP-1 expression, collagen degradation, melanin synthesis was seen from the significant difference between the treatment of 2%, 6% and 10% widuri flower serum with negative control (p < 0.05).
This examination was led by the Coordinator of the Doctoral Study Program of Medical Sciences, Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Jawi, M.Kes., with the following examiner team:
1. Prof. Dr. rer. Nat.Drs. I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta, Apt, M.Si (Promoter)
2. Prof. drh. I Nyoman Mantik Astawa, Ph.D (Co-promoter I)
3. Dr. dr. Made Ratna Saraswati, Sp.PD,KEMD., FINASIM (Co-Promoter II)
4. Prof. Dr. dr. I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa, M.Si
5. Prof. dr. I Made Ady Wirawan, S.Ked,MPH., Ph.D., Sp.KKLP
6. Dr. dr. Luh Made Mas Rusyati, Sp.KK(K)
7. Dr. drg. Dewa Made Wedagama, Sp.KG
8. Dr.apt. Ketut Agus Adrianta, S.Farm., M.Biomed
9. Dr. dr. I Kadek Swastika, S.Ked., M.Kes
With academic invitations:
1. Desak Ketut Ernawati, S.Si., Apt. P.G.Pharm., M.Pharm., Ph.D
2. Dr. dr. I Nyoman Gede Wardana, S.Ked., M.Biomed
3. Dr. Dra. I Gusti Ayu Diah Yuniti, M.Si
4. Dr. Dra. Ida Ayu Alit Widhiartini, Apt.,M.Si
5. Dr. apt. I Made Agus Sunadi Putra, S.Si., M.Biomed
In this exam, Dr. Apt. Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi, S.Farm., M.Biomed was declared to have passed as the 451st Doctoral Graduate of the Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University with the predicate VERY SATISFACTORY.
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