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Doctor of Medicine Proves Dewandaru Leaf Extract Has the Potential to Protect Kidneys from the Side Effects of Cisplatin Chemotherapy
Doctor of Medicine Proves Dewandaru Leaf Extract Has the Potential to Protect Kidneys from the Side Effects of Cisplatin Chemotherapy
Held in the Dr. A.A. Made Djelantik Meeting Room, Fourth Floor, Faculty of Medicine Building, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, the Doctor of Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, held an open doctoral promotion examination with candidate Dr. I Wayan Lolik Lesmana, M.Biomed., Sp.T.H.T.B.K.L., Subsp.Onko(K)., entitled "The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Dewandaru Leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.) on Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3), and Kidney Histopathology of Wistar Rats Induced by Cisplatin Chemotherapy." (11/7/2025)
Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent most commonly used as chemotherapy for head and neck cancer, with the main side effect being acute kidney injury (AKI). Cisplatin can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, necroptosis, and histopathological kidney damage. This study aimed to determine the protective mechanism of ethanol extract of Dewandaru leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.) in preventing kidney damage caused by cisplatin chemotherapy by examining MDA, TNF-α, RIPK3 levels, and histopathological kidney damage in Wistar rats induced by cisplatin chemotherapy.
This was an experimental study with a randomized post-test only control group design. Twenty-seven male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (K, P1, and P2), each consisting of nine male Wistar rats. Cisplatin chemotherapy was administered to the control group (K) and the treatment groups (P1 and P2). Cisplatin chemotherapy was administered at a dose of 12 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally with a single induction/injection. The control group was given a normal diet and oral auqabides, while the treatment group was given a normal diet and Dewandaru extract by oral tube at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight daily for two weeks. At the end of the second week, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and RIPK3 levels were measured using ELISA, and histopathological damage to kidney tissue was examined using HE staining.
Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly lower at the 200 mg/kg body weight dose of Dewandaru extract, indicating a strong antioxidant effect. Both extract doses also resulted in significantly lower tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels compared to the control group, with the greatest reduction found in the 200 mg/kg body weight group, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. Dewandaru extract, especially at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW/day, significantly reduced Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3) levels compared to the control group, which plays a role in the necroptosis pathway. Histopathologically, mice receiving Dewandaru extract, particularly at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW, showed significantly less kidney damage compared to the control group, characterized by narrower tubular lumens and better maintained epithelial cell integrity.
The study concluded that Dewandaru leaf extract had a significant direct effect in reducing MDA and TNF-α levels, as well as RIPK3 levels. Furthermore, Dewandaru extract also directly reduced the degree of kidney tissue damage.
This examination was led by the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. I Gede Eka Wiratnaya, Sp.OT(K). The examination team included:
1. Prof. Dr. dr. I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa, M.Si (Promoter)
2. Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Jawi, M.Kes (Co-Promoter I)
3. Dr. dr. Ida Ayu Ika Wahyuniari, M.Kes (Co-Promoter II)
4. Prof. drh. I Nyoman Mantik Astawa, Ph.D.
5. Prof. Dr. dr. Hamsu Kadriyan, M.Kes., Sp.THT-KL(K)
6. Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Sudarmaja, M.Kes
7. Dr. dr. Ni Putu Sriwidyani, Sp.PA., Subsp.S.M.(K)
8. Dr. dr. I Nyoman Wande, S.Ked., Sp.PK(K)
9. Dr. dr. Agung Wiwiek Indrayani, S.Ked., M.Kes
10. Dr. dr. I Wayan Sugiritama, M.Kes
By academic invitation:
1. Dr. dr. I Gde Ardika Nuaba, Sp.THT-KL(K)., FICS
2. Dr. dr. Sari Wulan Dwi Sutanegara, Sp.THT-BKL(K)
3. Dr. dr. Made Lely Rahayu, Sp.THTBKL., Subsp.Oto
4. Dr. dr. I Made Krisna Dinata, M.Erg
5. Dr. dr. I Gde Sastra Winata, M.Biomed., Sp.OG., Subsp.Onk
In this examination, Dr. dr. I Wayan Lolik Lesmana, M.Biomed., Sp.T.H.T.B.K.L, Subsp.Onko(K)., was declared the 476th graduate of the Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, with the distinction of Very Satisfactory.
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