New Study Reveals Risk Factors for Hearing Loss in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Prestin, NOX-2, and Cholesterol Levels Play a Major Role

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  • Rabu, 6 Maret 2024
  • Has been read 521 time(s)

Located in the Hall Room of the Postgraduate Program Building Lt. III Sudirman Udayana University Campus Denpasar Bali, a Doctoral Promotion examination was held with Promovendus candidate dr. Agus Santosa, Sp.THT-KL, MARS, FICS .., with the dissertation title "Prestin Levels, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate/NADPH Oxidase-2, High Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Low High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol as Risk Factors for Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital." (6/3/2024)


Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) leads to acute and chronic complications, including macroangiopathy, particularly sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). SNHL is thought to be the result of decreased outer hair cell quality and microangiopathy in the cochlea and atherosclerosis. This study aims to identify high prestin, high NOX-2, high LDL-C, and low HDL-C as risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss in T2DM patients, as no previous studies have assessed these biomarkers as risk factors.


This study analyzed T2DM patients aged 18-60 years in the polyclinic of the diabetes center at Prof. dr. IGNG Ngoerah Denpasar. It used a case-control design, focusing on patients with SNHL and controls without SNHL. Data were collected from patients during visits and examinations, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.

A total of 36 respondents were involved in this study, consisting of 18 cases and 18 controls. In both cases and controls, the mean age was 51.5 years and dominated by men (55.6%). 


Based on risk analysis, there was a significant effect of high prestin levels (p=0.049; AOR: 4.086; 95% CI: 1.007 - 16.579), high NOX2 (p=0.020; AOR: 6.250; 95% CI: 1.327-29.432), high LDL-C (p=0.036; AOR: 6.400; 95% CI: 1.124-36.437), low HDL-C (p=0.010; AOR: 7.857; 95% CI: 1.651 - 37.403) and hypertension on the incidence of sensorineural deafness in T2DM patients. This study proved high prestin, NOX-2, LDL-C and low HDL-C as risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss in T2DM patients.


This exam was chaired by the Vice Dean for Academic Affairs and Planning of FK Unud, Dr. dr. I Gede Eka Wiratnaya, Sp.OT (K), with a team of examiners:

1. Prof. Dr. dr. Ketut Suastika, Sp.PD-KEMD (Promoter)

2. Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Bakta, Sp.PD-KHOM (Copromoter I)

3. Prof. Dr. dr. Sri Maliawan, Sp.BS (K), FICS (Copromoter II)

4. Prof. Dr. Ir. Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba, M.Phil

5. Prof. Dr. dr. I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa, M.Si

6. Prof. Ir. I Nengah Sujaya, M.Agr.Sc., Ph.D.

7. Dr. dr. I Wayan Niryana, M.Kes., Sp.BS(K)

8. Dr. dr. I Nyoman Wande, S.Ked., Sp.PK(K)

9. Dr. dr. Sianny Herawati, Sp.PK(K)

10. Dr. dr. I Putu Eka Widyadharma, M.Sc., Sp.S(K)


While academic invitations are :

1. Dr. dr. Ketut Widyastuti, Sp.N(K)

2. Dr. dr. I Gde Ardika Nuaba, Sp. THTBKL.Subsp Onko(K)

3. Dr. dr. Sari Wulan Dwi Sutanegara, Sp.THTBKL SubSp Rhino(K)

4. dr. I Made Winarsa Ruma, S.Ked., Ph.D.

5. Dr. dr. Made Lely Rahayu, Sp.THT.KL(K), FICS


In this exam, Dr. dr. Agus Santosa, Sp.THT-KL, MARS, FICS, was declared to have graduated as the 406th Graduate Doctor of Medical Science Doctoral Study Program with cumlaude predicate.


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